In the world of high-tech electronics, research, and specialty applications, the purity of materials like aluminum is critical – trace impurities can cause defects or failures. At HPA Distribution (High Purity Aluminum), we specialize in ultra-pure aluminum starting at 99.99% (4N) purity, with our flagship offerings in 5N (99.999%) and 6N (99.9999%) grades. Our products include high purity aluminum blocks, foil, ingots, pellets, plates, rods, rod coil, sheets, sputtering targets, and wire.
Verifying that purity requires a reliable Certificate of Analysis (COA)—a critical document that confirms the material meets stringent standards.
Engineers, researchers, and manufacturers frequently search for the optimal high purity aluminum (HPA) grade—4N aluminum (99.99%), 5N aluminum (99.999%), 5N5 aluminum (99.9995%), or 6N aluminum (99.9999%)—to meet demanding specifications in high-tech electronics, semiconductor production, research, and specialty applications.
At HPA Distribution (www.highpurityaluminum.com), we specialize in ultra high purity aluminum products, including high purity aluminum foil, sheets, plates, rods, rod coils, wire, pellets/slugs, ingots/blocks, and sputtering targets. With 99% of our sales focused on aluminum (starting at 4N purity) and expertise in 5N and 6N grades, we help customers select the right material for thin-film deposition, evaporation, superconductivity studies, and more.
This guide explains purity differences, key selection factors, and real-world recommendations to optimize performance and cost.
In the specialized world of high-purity aluminum, escalating from 5N (99.999%) to 6N (99.9999%) or beyond can significantly inflate costs—often by 200-300% or more per kilogram. For engineers, procurement specialists, and R&D teams watching budgets, the core question remains:
Does the extra purity justify the expense?
Introduction to Ultra-High-Purity Copper in Modern Cryogenic Systems In cryogenic research, where experiments routinely operate below 20 K — and often below 10 mK — even parts-per-billion impurities can introduce unacceptable electrical noise, thermal bottlenecks, or magnetic interference. This is why leading laboratories and quantum-technology companies now specify 5N (99.999%) and 6N (99.9999%) copper, as well as oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) variants, for virtually every critical thermal and electrical path. What Happens to Copper Conductivity at Cryogenic Temperatures? Below ~20 K, phonon scattering becomes negligible and residual resistivity is almost entirely determined by impurities (Matthiessen’s rule). NIST and IUPAC data show: Purity Typical RRR (300 K / 4 K) Dominant Impurity Impact 4N (99.99 %) 100 – 250 Acceptable for general...
